Aloysia Citrodora is a species of flowering plant in the verbena family Verbenaceae, native to western South America. Common names include lemon verbena and lemon beebrush. It was brought to Europe by the Spanish and the Portuguese in the 17th century and cultivated for its oil.
The botanical name of citronella species is Cymbopogon winterianus and its common name is Java Citronella, belongs to family Graminae. These are the tufted aromatic grasses with superficial fibrous roots. Leaf blades are long, wide, and glabrous. Spathate panicles decompound, large, long with many racemes. Spikelets are sessile and long.
Eucalyptus globulus, the Tasmanian bluegum, southern blue-gum or blue gum, is an evergreen tree, one of the most widely cultivated trees native to Australia. They typically grow from 30–55 m (98– 180 ft) tall. The tallest currently known specimen in Tasmania is 90.7 m (298 ft) tall.
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon) is a tall perennial plant from the Poaceae grass family, which thrives in tropical and subtropical regions, such as in India, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, China, and Guatemala. This plant grows in dense clumps and has bright-green, sharp-edged leaves, similar to grass.
Palmarosa is a tall perennial grass which contains a sweet smelling oil of rose like odour. It is a tropical plant and grows in warm humid areas and is used in perfumery, food flavouring and medicinal pharmaceutical industry. The oil is a very rich source of high grade geraniol (75- 90%) and the crop is regarded as the cheap source of geraniol.
This Brazilian evergreen tree can grow up to 40 meters (125 feet) high and has a reddish bark and yellow flowers and is extensively felled in the South American rainforest, but now legislation requires distilleries to plant a new tree.
Aloysia Citrodora is a species of flowering plant in the verbena family Verbenaceae, native to western South America. Common names include lemon verbena and lemon beebrush. It was brought to Europe by the Spanish and the Portuguese in the 17th century and cultivated for its oil. Lemon verbena is a perennial shrub or subshrub growing to 2–3 m high. The 8-cmlong, glossy, pointed leaves are slightly rough to the touch and emit a powerful scent reminiscent of lemon when bruised Sprays of tiny purple or white flowers appear in late spring or early summer. It is sensitive to cold, losing leaves at temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F), although the wood is hardy to −10 °C (14 °F). Due to its many culinary uses, it is widely listed and marketed as a plant for the herb garden.
1. The price trend seems to be fluctuating depending on the availability of the crop.
2. Lemongrass oil is more popularly used in industrial applications, such as perfumery. Its use is restricted by IFRA due to the content of citronellol.
The botanical name of citronella species is Cymbopogon winterianus and its common name is Java Citronella, belongs to family Graminae. These are the tufted aromatic grasses with superficial fibrous roots. Leaf blades are long, wide, and glabrous. Spathate panicles decompound, large, long with many racemes. Spikelets are sessile and long. Availability of Citronella grass is in the form of herbage that is leaves. Geographical distribution: This crop is a recent introduction into India and its cultivation is mainly done in the lower hills of Assam, in Karanataka and southern Gujarat, covers about 2,000 hectares of area. Citronella oil is also a plant-based insect repellent and has been registered for this use in the United States since 1948. The United States Environmental Protection Agency considers oil of citronella as a biopesticide with a non-toxic mode of action.
Citronella oil constitutes over 90% of the production of essential oils in the country. The major customers are the manufacturers of cosmetics and perfumes who are mainly located in Middle East, ASIA, UAE, and EUROPE. The substantial increase in the demand for essential oils is related to the spurt in the growth of consumer industry which in turn is related with the growing purchasing power of the Indian middle class. The present demand is placed at around 3400 tonne per year. Assuming that the trend would continue the demand is estimated to rise to 5000 tonne per year by 2000. Besides the domestic demand, there is good potential for exports. Citronella oil is being produced in the northeastern states. Hence, the total demand for citronella oil is placed at 5000 tonne by 2000.
Citronella oil is one of the essential oils obtained from the leaves and stems of different species of Cymbopogon (lemongrass). Oil can be obtained by steam distillation from dried grass for 12-24 hours. Average recovery of citronella oil is 1%. Yield is about 150-200 kg per hector. 16-20 tonnes of fresh herbage on distillation it gives 100-150 kg of oil. Low alcohol and aldehyde contents are noticed in the oils distilled from the immature crop of from that grown under excessively humid conditions.
Eucalyptus globulus, the Tasmanian bluegum, southern blue-gum or blue gum, is an evergreen tree, one of the most widely cultivated trees native to Australia. They typically grow from 30–55 m (98– 180 ft) tall. The tallest currently known specimen in Tasmania is 90.7 m (298 ft) tall. There are historical claims of even taller trees, the tallest being 101 m (331 ft). The natural distribution of the species includes Tasmania and southern Victoria (particularly the Otway Ranges and southern Gippsland). There are also isolated occurrences on King Island and Flinders Island in Bass Strait and on the summit of the You Yangs near Geelong. There are naturalised non-native occurrences in Spain and Portugal, and other parts of southern Europe incl. Cyprus, southern Africa, New Zealand, western United States (California), Hawaii, Macaronesia and the Caucasus (Western Georgia).
1. The price trend is variable depending on the crop availability.
2. E. Globulus oil has established itself internationally because it is virtually phellandrene free, a necessary characteristic for internal pharmaceutical use.
The leaves are steam distilled to extract eucalyptus oil. E. globulus is the primary source of global eucalyptus
oil production, with China being the largest commercial producer.
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon) is a tall perennial plant from the Poaceae grass family, which thrives in tropical and subtropical regions, such as in India, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, China, and Guatemala. This plant grows in dense clumps and has bright-green, sharp-edged leaves, similar to grass. Lemongrass is a popular flavoring in Asian cooking – added to curries and soups, or paired with beef, fish, poultry, and seafood. Fresh lemongrass is also used to make lemongrass tea. The two varieties of lemongrass most popularly used today are Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon flexuosus. While they can be used interchangeably, especially for making lemongrass oil, C. citratus is more popularly known in culinary applications, while C. flexuosus is more dominant in industrial applications, such as perfumery
1. The price trend seems to be fluctuating depending on the availability of the crop
2. Lemongrass oil is more popularly used in industrial applications, such as perfumery. Its use is restricted by IFRA due to the content of citronellol.
The Lemongrass oil is obtained by extraction of the stalks of the Lemongrass (Cymbopogon) herb. Lemongrass shrubs/plant mainly grows in Asia and cannot be available as fresh throughout the year, but now a days lemongrass oil and lemongrass extract or dehydrated forms are commonly used.
Palmarosa is a tall perennial grass which contains a sweet smelling oil of rose like odour. It is a tropical plant and grows in warm humid areas and is used in perfumery, food flavouring and medicinal pharmaceutical industry. The oil is a very rich source of high grade geraniol (75- 90%) and the crop is regarded as the cheap source of geraniol. Moreover it is a hardy crop which can be grown on varied types of soil and climatic conditions. It can even tolerate drought and could be grown on marginal waste lands including saline/sodic/alkaline soils. Palmarosa grows wild in India, particularly in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Andhra Pradesh. It is also found in lesser frequency in Karnataka, Tamilnadu and Uttar Pradesh. About 15 metric tonnes of Palmarosa oil is produced in India annually both from cultivated and natural resources.
1.The price trend seems to be fluctuating depending on the availability of the crop.
2. Palmarosa oil is more popularly used in industrial applications, such as perfumery
The Palmarosa oil is extracted from the stem of the grass by distillation of dried leaves. Once the stems and leaves have been distilled for two to three hours, to separate the oil from the palmarose, then the leftover distilled grass is turned into organic matter and becomes manure or is composted. The main chemical components of palmarosa oil are myrcene, linalool, geraniol, geranyl acetate, dipentene and limonene.
This Brazilian evergreen tree can grow up to 40 meters (125 feet) high and has a reddish bark and yellow flowers and is extensively felled in the South American rainforest, but now legislation requires distilleries to plant a new tree. The wood is used for building, for each tree cut down French cabinet making, carving, for the production of chopsticks in Japan and of course, essential oil. The oil has a slightly spicy, floral and sweet smell. Rosewood oil is extracted from Aniba rosaeodora (also known as Aniba rosaeodora var. amazonica) from the Lauraceae family and also known as bios de rose and Brazilian rosewood.
1. The price trend seems to be fluctuating depending on the availability of the crop.
2. Rosewood oil is non-toxic, non-irritant and non-sensitizing oil and is generally regarded as safe.
1. The oil is extracted from the wood of Aniba rosaeodora. When it arrives at the distillery, the wood is chipped, and then steam distilled. Each tree yields about 1% oil by weight of wood. After a history of massive over-harvesting, and species depletion, efforts are underway to cultivate Aniba rosaeodora, and to develop techniques for extracting the essential oil from leaves. Because of high value of the rosewood oil, it’s common to keep it secured.
